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RAID/compression	Read	Write	Random Read	Random write
RAIDZ1 (LZ4)	894MiB/s-894MiB/s	568MiB/s-568MiB/s	99.2MiB/s-99.2MiB/s	82.5MiB/s-82.5MiB/s
RAIDZ1 (OFF)	1033MiB/s-1033MiB/s 998MiB/s-998MiB/s 967MiB/s-967MiB/s	589MiB/s-589MiB/s 608MiB/s-608MiB/s 299MiB/s-299MiB/s	167MiB/s-167MiB/s 168MiB/s-168MiB/s 166MiB/s-166MiB/s	73.4MiB/s-73.4MiB/s 62.4MiB/s-62.4MiB/s 57.0MiB/s-57.0MiB/s
RAIDZ1 (OFF,bs=32k)	3256MiB/s-3256MiB/s	305MiB/s-305MiB/s	1293MiB/s-1293MiB/s	305MiB/s-305MiB/s
RAIDZ1 (OFF,bs=128k)	4381MiB/s-4381MiB/s	2253MiB/s-2253MiB/s	4285MiB/s-4285MiB/s	2002MiB/s-2002MiB/s

Commands used

cd /mnt/pool/shared/user
sync;fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=write --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=read --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=16k--size=4G --readwrite=write --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=16k --size=4G --readwrite=read --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test1 --filename=test2 --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test1 --filename=test2 --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randread --ramp_time=4

Check Power Limits

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# turbostat 2>&1|grep Watt
RAPL: 43691 sec. Joule Counter Range, at 6 Watts
cpu0: MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT: 0x000a0e03 (0.125000 Watts, 0.000061 Joules, 0.000977 sec.)
cpu0: PKG Limit #1: ENabled (15.000 Watts, 8.000000 sec, clamp ENabled)
cpu0: PKG Limit #2: ENabled (15.000 Watts, 0.002441* sec, clamp DISabled)
cpu0: PKG Limit #4: 78.000000 Watts (UNlocked)
cpu0: DRAM Limit: DISabled (0.000 Watts, 0.000977 sec, clamp DISabled)
cpu0: Cores Limit: DISabled (0.000 Watts, 0.000977 sec, clamp DISabled)
cpu0: GFX Limit: DISabled (0.000 Watts, 0.000977 sec, clamp DISabled)

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# zfs get all pool |grep comp
pool  compressratio         1.61x                  -
pool  compression           lz4                    local
pool  refcompressratio      1.00x                  -

RAIDZ1 (LZ4) commands output

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# zfs get all pool/shared |grep comp
pool/shared  compressratio            1.41x                    -
pool/shared  compression              lz4                      inherited from pool
pool/shared  refcompressratio         1.41x                    -

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --ramp_time=4
test: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
test: Laying out IO file (1 file / 4096MiB)
Jobs: 1 (f=0): [f(1)][100.0%][w=147MiB/s][w=37.6k IOPS][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=41307: Thu Apr 10 12:49:43 2025
  write: IOPS=21.1k, BW=82.5MiB/s (86.5MB/s)(3672MiB/44503msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=4, max=80062, avg=45.37, stdev=167.42
    clat (nsec): min=614, max=4072.6k, avg=1133.86, stdev=6985.89
     lat (usec): min=5, max=80072, avg=46.50, stdev=167.70
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[  740],  5.00th=[  836], 10.00th=[  884], 20.00th=[  924],
     | 30.00th=[  956], 40.00th=[  972], 50.00th=[  996], 60.00th=[ 1020],
     | 70.00th=[ 1048], 80.00th=[ 1080], 90.00th=[ 1192], 95.00th=[ 1384],
     | 99.00th=[ 2008], 99.50th=[ 3312], 99.90th=[24704], 99.95th=[41728],
     | 99.99th=[72192]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=48766, max=137119, per=98.81%, avg=83487.14, stdev=11581.15, samples=87
   iops        : min=12191, max=34279, avg=20872.08, stdev=2895.09, samples=87
  lat (nsec)   : 750=1.20%, 1000=50.42%
  lat (usec)   : 2=47.36%, 4=0.59%, 10=0.14%, 20=0.16%, 50=0.10%
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=3.69%, sys=85.07%, ctx=107206, majf=0, minf=37
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,940003,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=82.5MiB/s (86.5MB/s), 82.5MiB/s-82.5MiB/s (86.5MB/s-86.5MB/s), io=3672MiB (3850MB), run=44503-44503msec


root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randread --ramp_time=4
test: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [r(1)][91.3%][r=160MiB/s][r=41.0k IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=41962: Thu Apr 10 12:50:58 2025
  read: IOPS=25.4k, BW=99.2MiB/s (104MB/s)(3708MiB/37391msec)
    slat (usec): min=2, max=467, avg=38.12, stdev=11.50
    clat (nsec): min=587, max=54938, avg=738.69, stdev=251.78
     lat (usec): min=3, max=470, avg=38.86, stdev=11.53
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[  636],  5.00th=[  668], 10.00th=[  684], 20.00th=[  692],
     | 30.00th=[  700], 40.00th=[  708], 50.00th=[  716], 60.00th=[  724],
     | 70.00th=[  740], 80.00th=[  756], 90.00th=[  804], 95.00th=[  876],
     | 99.00th=[ 1012], 99.50th=[ 1096], 99.90th=[ 2416], 99.95th=[ 3056],
     | 99.99th=[14144]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=91048, max=157648, per=98.65%, avg=100191.19, stdev=8691.21, samples=74
   iops        : min=22762, max=39412, avg=25047.76, stdev=2172.79, samples=74
  lat (nsec)   : 750=76.93%, 1000=21.93%
  lat (usec)   : 2=1.03%, 4=0.08%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=2.95%, sys=96.97%, ctx=420, majf=0, minf=37
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=949364,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=99.2MiB/s (104MB/s), 99.2MiB/s-99.2MiB/s (104MB/s-104MB/s), io=3708MiB (3889MB), run=37391-37391msec

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=write --ramp_time=4
test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)][53.8%][w=555MiB/s][w=142k IOPS][eta 00m:06s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=43581: Thu Apr 10 12:53:42 2025
  write: IOPS=145k, BW=568MiB/s (595MB/s)(1808MiB/3184msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=3, max=7144, avg= 5.85, stdev=13.87
    clat (nsec): min=581, max=149242, avg=722.02, stdev=731.07
     lat (usec): min=4, max=7154, avg= 6.57, stdev=13.94
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[  636],  5.00th=[  644], 10.00th=[  652], 20.00th=[  660],
     | 30.00th=[  668], 40.00th=[  676], 50.00th=[  684], 60.00th=[  692],
     | 70.00th=[  700], 80.00th=[  732], 90.00th=[  844], 95.00th=[  892],
     | 99.00th=[  972], 99.50th=[ 1144], 99.90th=[ 1576], 99.95th=[ 4384],
     | 99.99th=[47360]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=565370, max=595054, per=99.72%, avg=579799.00, stdev=12657.07, samples=6
   iops        : min=141342, max=148763, avg=144949.50, stdev=3164.21, samples=6
  lat (nsec)   : 750=82.16%, 1000=17.03%
  lat (usec)   : 2=0.73%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.02%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.01%, 250=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=13.51%, sys=84.32%, ctx=1523, majf=0, minf=37
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,462792,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=568MiB/s (595MB/s), 568MiB/s-568MiB/s (595MB/s-595MB/s), io=1808MiB (1896MB), run=3184-3184msec

RAIDZ1 (OFF) commands output

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# zfs get all pool/shared |grep comp
pool/shared  compressratio            1.41x                    -
pool/shared  compression              off                      local
pool/shared  refcompressratio         1.41x                    -

root@truenas:/mnt/pool/shared/user# cd /mnt/pool/shared/user
sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=write --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=read --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --ramp_time=4
sync;fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randread --ramp_time=4
test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W(1)][53.8%][w=606MiB/s][w=155k IOPS][eta 00m:06s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=48964: Thu Apr 10 13:03:16 2025
  write: IOPS=151k, BW=589MiB/s (617MB/s)(1754MiB/2980msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=3, max=8392, avg= 5.53, stdev=23.09
    clat (nsec): min=593, max=3842.7k, avg=762.98, stdev=6482.39
     lat (usec): min=4, max=8402, avg= 6.30, stdev=24.11
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[  644],  5.00th=[  660], 10.00th=[  660], 20.00th=[  668],
     | 30.00th=[  676], 40.00th=[  684], 50.00th=[  692], 60.00th=[  700],
     | 70.00th=[  724], 80.00th=[  812], 90.00th=[  892], 95.00th=[  940],
     | 99.00th=[ 1048], 99.50th=[ 1176], 99.90th=[ 1928], 99.95th=[ 4960],
     | 99.99th=[53504]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=569664, max=630376, per=99.81%, avg=601526.00, stdev=21788.41, samples=5
   iops        : min=142416, max=157594, avg=150381.40, stdev=5447.09, samples=5
  lat (nsec)   : 750=75.24%, 1000=22.93%
  lat (usec)   : 2=1.74%, 4=0.04%, 10=0.03%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.01%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=14.54%, sys=81.71%, ctx=1094, majf=0, minf=37
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,449002,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=589MiB/s (617MB/s), 589MiB/s-589MiB/s (617MB/s-617MB/s), io=1754MiB (1839MB), run=2980-2980msec
test: (g=0): rw=read, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=0): [/(1)][-.-%][eta 00m:00s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=49098: Thu Apr 10 13:03:24 2025
  read: IOPS=264k, BW=1033MiB/s (1083MB/s)(4096MiB/3966msec)
  cpu          : usr=18.54%, sys=81.36%, ctx=11, majf=0, minf=10
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=1048576,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=1033MiB/s (1083MB/s), 1033MiB/s-1033MiB/s (1083MB/s-1083MB/s), io=4096MiB (4295MB), run=3966-3966msec
test: (g=0): rw=randwrite, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [w(1)][91.8%][w=101MiB/s][w=25.9k IOPS][eta 00m:05s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=49133: Thu Apr 10 13:04:21 2025
  write: IOPS=18.8k, BW=73.4MiB/s (77.0MB/s)(3839MiB/52277msec); 0 zone resets
    slat (usec): min=4, max=46730, avg=50.43, stdev=165.10
    clat (nsec): min=615, max=21921k, avg=1583.11, stdev=39330.27
     lat (usec): min=5, max=46739, avg=52.01, stdev=172.39
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[   764],  5.00th=[   852], 10.00th=[   892], 20.00th=[   940],
     | 30.00th=[   988], 40.00th=[  1020], 50.00th=[  1064], 60.00th=[  1096],
     | 70.00th=[  1144], 80.00th=[  1208], 90.00th=[  1496], 95.00th=[  1944],
     | 99.00th=[  3856], 99.50th=[ 10560], 99.90th=[ 85504], 99.95th=[100864],
     | 99.99th=[329728]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=53085, max=136798, per=98.79%, avg=74293.55, stdev=11284.08, samples=103
   iops        : min=13271, max=34199, avg=18573.24, stdev=2820.98, samples=103
  lat (nsec)   : 750=0.75%, 1000=32.80%
  lat (usec)   : 2=61.85%, 4=3.62%, 10=0.46%, 20=0.11%, 50=0.17%
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.18%, 250=0.04%, 500=0.01%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01%
  lat (msec)   : 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=3.45%, sys=77.24%, ctx=153481, majf=0, minf=38
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=0,982878,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
  WRITE: bw=73.4MiB/s (77.0MB/s), 73.4MiB/s-73.4MiB/s (77.0MB/s-77.0MB/s), io=3839MiB (4026MB), run=52277-52277msec
test: (g=0): rw=randread, bs=(R) 4096B-4096B, (W) 4096B-4096B, (T) 4096B-4096B, ioengine=libaio, iodepth=1
fio-3.33
Starting 1 process
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [r(1)][86.2%][r=198MiB/s][r=50.7k IOPS][eta 00m:04s]
test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=49874: Thu Apr 10 13:04:51 2025
  read: IOPS=42.7k, BW=167MiB/s (175MB/s)(3451MiB/20689msec)
    slat (usec): min=2, max=489, avg=22.17, stdev= 6.69
    clat (nsec): min=546, max=57914, avg=731.80, stdev=296.20
     lat (usec): min=2, max=493, avg=22.91, stdev= 6.74
    clat percentiles (nsec):
     |  1.00th=[  596],  5.00th=[  620], 10.00th=[  668], 20.00th=[  684],
     | 30.00th=[  700], 40.00th=[  700], 50.00th=[  716], 60.00th=[  724],
     | 70.00th=[  740], 80.00th=[  756], 90.00th=[  804], 95.00th=[  868],
     | 99.00th=[ 1004], 99.50th=[ 1096], 99.90th=[ 1608], 99.95th=[ 2960],
     | 99.99th=[17792]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=157370, max=253968, per=98.82%, avg=168814.17, stdev=15047.80, samples=41
   iops        : min=39342, max=63492, avg=42203.44, stdev=3761.97, samples=41
  lat (nsec)   : 750=77.16%, 1000=21.82%
  lat (usec)   : 2=0.93%, 4=0.06%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.01%
  lat (usec)   : 100=0.01%
  cpu          : usr=5.06%, sys=94.78%, ctx=351, majf=0, minf=37
  IO depths    : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     submit    : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     complete  : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0%
     issued rwts: total=883533,0,0,0 short=0,0,0,0 dropped=0,0,0,0
     latency   : target=0, window=0, percentile=100.00%, depth=1

Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=167MiB/s (175MB/s), 167MiB/s-167MiB/s (175MB/s-175MB/s), io=3451MiB (3619MB), run=20689-20689msec