HW Setup

GMKtec NucBox G9

CPU: Intel N150,

RAM: 12GB LPDDR5,

DISK: 4x4TB Samsung 990 Pro with heatsink (Gen4x4 inserted in Gen3x2 slots), 

OS: TrueNAS Scale 25.10 RC1,

Power Limits: 15W/15W (BIOS: Performance mode)

Disk pool record size: 128K

TrueNAS 4x4TB NVMe RAID disk speed comparison 

By RAID Mode RAIDZ1 (RAID5), Stripe (RAID0), Mirror (RAID10) and compression (OFF, LZ4, GZIP-1)

4xSamsung 990 Pro
GMKtec NucBox G9
TrueNAS		SequentalRandom
Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)
RAIDcompressionbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4K
RAIDZ1GZIP-1305051198.7478314676.396.321.9
RAIDZ1LZ439968941334568317399.2116782.5
RAIDZ1OFF

4117

998

2513

589

2059

167

1577

62.4

StripeGZIP-1405551789.0333403926.689.317.9
StripeLZ4429410461527617418097.7155165.4
StripeOFF4357986

3405

5084258168300780.3
MirrorGZIP-14496529

93.2

348439028.091.119.8
MirrorLZ442011047

1517

617409666.7144649.4
MirrorOFF44911076

2015

5954443173201260.2
Mirror
DS220+		OFF
2xHDD		17962.716820.918261.51699.6

In RAID10 mode by dataset write size (4K, 16K, 128K) and compression (OFF, LZ4, GZIP-1)

With additional test for Crypto dataset OFF/128K/AES-256-GCM compared to AES-256-CBC of Synology DS220+

4xSamsung 990 Pro
GMKtec NucBox G9
TrueNAS and Synology		SequentalRandom
Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)
RAIDcompressionbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4K
MirrorGZIP-1/4K1261635102107126948910296.9
MirrorGZIP-1/16K2876360

147

224286611514870.4
MirrorGZIP-1/128K2870529

93.2

348439028.091.119.8
MirrorGZIP-1/1M5082560

93.0

375492929.792.50.4
MirrorLZ4/4K1197641

628

3401272484567241
MirrorLZ4/16K2790882

1168

48928213771147186
MirrorLZ4/128K42011047

1517

617409666.7144649.4
MirrorLZ4/1M45061064

1428

652476814.815856.7
MirrorOFF/4K1219665

646

3351274598526246
MirrorOFF/16K2872890

1550

50227964441454223
MirrorOFF/128K44911076

2015

5954443173201260.2
MirrorOFF/1M50571100

2054

636505129.920527.5
MirrorOFF/4M42271028

1925

47716227.45411.9
MirrorAES-256-GCM4462104619314611896170187634.5
Mirror
DS220+		OFF
2xHDD		17962.716820.918261.51699.6

Mirror

DS220+

AES-256-CBC

(not direct)

139

178

129

138

32.43.5142

5.6


RAID0 on Ubuntu 24.04 using LVM, BTRFS and MDADM 

4xSamsung 990 Pro
GMKtec NucBox G9
Ubuntu 24.04 RAID0		SequentalRandom
Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)
RAIDcompressionbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4K
ZFS MirrorOFF/4K1219665

646

3351274598526246
ZFS StripeOFF/128K4357986

3405

5084258168300780.3
LVM Stripe (ext4)OFF/4K2596213

2434

165230265.32437162
LVM Stripe (ext4)OFF/16K2574220

2357

167216364.92362157
LVM Stripe (ext4)OFF/128K261951

2369

148232265.62372143
btrfs raid 0OFF/4K1947126

2017

134194342.51988118
btrfs raid 0ON/4K196044.7

2036

129193040.01993117
mdraid (ext4)OFF/4K2292207

2132

157205165.42037148
mdraid (ext4)OFF/16K2271211

2080

153204864.52067155


mkfs.ext4 -C 16384 -O  bigalloc -L EXT4-16K /dev/storage/fs
mkfs.btrfs --data raid0 --sectorsize 4k /dev/nvme0n1p1 /dev/nvme1n1p1 /dev/nvme2n1p1 /dev/nvme3n1p1

Table for comparison with non-NAS devices


SequentalRandom
Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)Read (MiB/s)Write (MiB/s)
devicedisk typebs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4Kbs = 1Mbs = 4K
R100N1xNVMe13021231047104121149.11056103
R100S1xSSD40557.434749.932120.034148.5
N200N1xNVMe129389.91212202125574.01152193
I1071N1xNVMe27202782691280246275.02414216
I1355N1xNVMe175628916.0 2.5134857.415.92.6
DS220+2xHDD17962.716820.918261.51699.6

For disk performance comparison next system were use,

codeHardwareDiskspace used,%Power On, hoursLife Time Remain, %
N150RIntel N150, 12GB LPDDR5, Debian, TrueNAS 25.04 RC1, ZFSSamsung SSD 990 PRO with Heatsink 4TB (4 in RAID)156100
R100NIntel N100, 16GB DDR4, Ubuntu 24.04, CasaOS, ext4Movespeed YSSDHB-4TN7000 4TB NVMe84822100
R100SIntel N100, 16GB DDR4, Ubuntu 24.04, CasaOS, ext4Transcend SSD230S 4 TB SATA SSD491522100
N200NIntel N200, 32GB DDR5, Ubuntu 24.04, ext4Fanxiang S500PRO 2TB978343100
I1071NIntel Core i7-10710U, 64GB DDR4, Ubuntu 24.0Lexar SSD ARES 4TB741223899
I1355NIntel Core i7-1355U (15W), 96GB DDR5, Ubuntu 24.04XPG GAMMIX S70 BLADE 8TB856823100
DS220+Synology DS220+, J4025, 2GB, RAID1WD Gold Enterprise Class 18 TB 7200 RPM(2 in RAID1)7737877N/A

1 Year is 8766 hours (37877 hours = 4.3 Years)


Commands used to test disk speed

cd /mnt/pool/shared/user
# each command executed 3 times
# 1M
fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=1M --size=4G --readwrite=write --ramp_time=4 # Col 3
fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=1M --size=4G --readwrite=read --ramp_time=4 # Col 1
fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test1 --filename=test2 --bs=1M --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --ramp_time=4  # Col  7
fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test1 --filename=test2 --bs=1M --size=4G --readwrite=randread --ramp_time=4 # Col 5
# 4K
fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=4K --size=4G --readwrite=write --ramp_time=4 # Col 4
fio --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test --filename=test0 --bs=4K --size=4G --readwrite=read --ramp_time=4 # Col 2
fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test1 --filename=test2 --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randwrite --ramp_time=4 # Col 8
fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --name=test1 --filename=test2 --bs=4k --size=4G --readwrite=randread --ramp_time=4 # Col 6





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